Why does the same technology lift productivity in some places and disappoint in others? The complementarity thesis explains the gap: returns depend on what technology is combined with. Applied to innovation districts, value comes from complements across placemaking, economics, business, and governance, underpinned by infrastructure. Leadership, collaboration, and learning mindsets become practical policy levers, not soft extras.

About a year back, it was stated VET’s ‘big challenge in 2024 was to fix the long-term 'wobbly third leg’

Australia's industrial policy is shifting with the Future Made in Australia Act. However, there are concerns about potential inefficiencies