Electricity took forty years to remake manufacturing, and the delay lay outside the technology: in factories, management and the institutions of trust. Industrial AI is on the same path. The Hugging Face intrusion exposed a missing complement in security assurance, and the 2008 financial crisis shows how systemic trust withdraws all at once when assurance fails. Board caution is rational; the task for policy is to build the assurance institutions early, before trust fails rat

Boards have a library of AI guidance, and almost all of it concerns risk, controls and compliance. Almost none addresses the question a board exists to answer: how should this organisation use AI to create new value? This Insight examines why the imbalance is built into who writes the guidance and how liability works, what a compliance-first approach costs, and what the missing guidance would say. It proposes a five-domain framework for governing the upside with the same rigo